Streamlined creation and updating of olap analytic databases

ABSTRACT

The technology disclosed relates to creating and frequently updating multiple online analytic processing (OLAP) analytic databases from an online transaction processing (OLTP) transaction updatable system that includes transaction commit, rollback, and field level security capabilities. It also relates to transparently decoupling extraction from rebuilding of frequently updated OLAP analytic databases from the OLTP transaction updatable system.

CROSS REFERENCE TO OTHER APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/358,128, entitled “Streamlined Creation and Updating of Olap Analytic Databases”, filed on Dec. 22, 2016, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/410,313, entitled “OBJECT REPLICATION”, filed on Oct. 19, 2016. Each of which is hereby incorporated by reference;

This application incorporates by reference U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 14/512,230, entitled “ROW-LEVEL SECURITY INTEGRATION OF ANALYTICAL DATA STORE WITH CLOUD ARCHITECTURE”, filed on Oct. 10, 2014;

This application incorporates by reference U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 14/598,157, entitled “DEEP LINKING AND STATE PRESERVATION VIA A URL”, filed on Jan. 15, 2015;

This application incorporates by reference U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 14/512,240, entitled “LOW LATENCY ARCHITECTURE WITH DIRECTORY SERVICE FOR INTEGRATION OF TRANSACTIONAL DATA SYSTEM WITH ANALYTICAL DATA STRUCTURES”, filed on Oct. 10, 2014;

This application incorporates by reference U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 14/512,249, entitled “INTEGRATION USER FOR ANALYTICAL ACCESS TO READ ONLY DATA STORES GENERATED FROM TRANSACTIONAL SYSTEMS”, filed on Oct. 10, 2014 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,449,188 issued on Sep. 20, 2016);

This application incorporates by reference U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 14/512,258, entitled “VISUAL DATA ANALYSIS WITH ANIMATED INFORMATION MORPHING REPLAY”, filed on Oct. 10, 2014;

This application incorporates by reference U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 14/512,263, entitled “DECLARATIVE SPECIFICATION OF VISUALIZATION QUERIES DISPLAY FORMATS AND BINDINGS”, filed on Oct. 10, 2014;

This application incorporates by reference U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 14/512,267, entitled “DASHBOARD BUILDER WITH LIVE DATA UPDATING WITHOUT EXITING AN EDIT MODE”, filed on Oct. 10, 2014; and

This application incorporates by reference U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 14/512,274, entitled “OFFLOADING SEARCH PROCESSING AGAINST ANALYTIC DATA STORES”, filed on Oct. 10, 2014.

FIELD OF THE TECHNOLOGY DISCLOSED

The technology disclosed relates generally to data processing apparatus and corresponding methods for the retrieval of data stored in a database or as computer files, and in particular relates to efficiently and transparently creating and frequently updating multiple online analytic processing (OLAP) analytic databases from an online transaction processing (OLTP) transaction updatable system.

BACKGROUND

The subject matter discussed in this section should not be assumed to be prior art merely as a result of its mention in this section. Similarly, a problem mentioned in this section or associated with the subject matter provided as background should not be assumed to have been previously recognized in the prior art. The subject matter in this section merely represents different approaches, which in and of themselves can also correspond to implementations of the claimed technology.

Organizations are generating and accessing vast amount of data, more than ever before, coming from a multitude of sources: log data, location data, behavioral data, sensor data. This flood of data is not only voluminous but comes in many forms, from unstructured to structured and every variation in between. Hence, organizations have an unprecedented opportunity to learn more about their businesses, markets, and customers from the explosion of data being generated from a wealth of sources—from sensors to apps, software to websites. The need to explore, analyze, and gain insights from this data has never been more pressing. With legacy business intelligence and analytics tools, the underlying technology is based on structured, relational databases. Relational databases lack the agility, speed, and true insights necessary to transform data into value.

A number of emerging solutions in recent years have attempted to address the challenges outlined above. Many of them, however, have continued to rely at least partially on the same architecture and technology approach that have caused the challenges in the first place. For example, one solution that has emerged is the use of columnar or in-memory databases, adopted by BI vendors over the past decade. While they moved the needle forward, they were still hampered by the relational model and its associated limitations.

Therefore, an opportunity arises to enable users to explore data in a fast, efficient, self-service, agile way—without dependency on data scientists, cumbersome data warehouse schemas, and slow, resource-intensive IT infrastructure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings, like reference characters generally refer to like parts throughout the different views. Also, the drawings are not necessarily to scale, with an emphasis instead generally being placed upon illustrating the principles of the technology disclosed. In the following description, various implementations of the technology disclosed are described with reference to the following drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows a high-level overview of a system that implements a decoupled extract, load, and transform (ELT) process in accordance with one implementation of the technology disclosed.

FIG. 2 illustrates proliferation of coupled ELT processes in Wave without the technology disclosed.

FIG. 3 depicts one implementation of creating and frequently updating multiple OLAP analytic databases from an OLTP transaction updatable system that includes transaction commit, rollback, and field level security capabilities.

FIG. 4 is an example of multiple OLAP dataflow jobs scheduled by an organization.

FIG. 5 shows objects and fields identified in the OLAP dataflow jobs of FIG. 4 being extracted in advance by a global extraction job.

FIG. 6 is one implementation of a build interface used to identify objects to be extracted in advance by a global extraction job.

FIG. 7 depicts one implementation of a build interface used to identify fields of an object to be extracted in advance by a global extraction job.

FIG. 8 illustrates one implementation of transparently decoupling extraction from rebuilding of frequently updated multiple OLAP analytic databases from an OLTP transaction updatable system that includes transaction commit, rollback, and field level security capabilities.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following discussion is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the technology disclosed, and is provided in the context of a particular application and its requirements. Various modifications to the disclosed implementations will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other implementations and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the technology disclosed. Thus, the technology disclosed is not intended to be limited to the implementations shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein.

Introduction

Wave Analytics Platform™ (hereinafter “Wave”) from Salesforce.com™ (hereinafter “Salesforce”) has revolutionized business intelligence technology by taking an innovative approach to analytics, one that combines a non-relational approach to heterogeneous data forms and types with a search-based query engine, advanced compression algorithms, columnar in-memory computing, and high-speed visualization engine. For additional information regarding various features and implementations of Wave, reference can be made to, for example, commonly owned U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 14/512,230; 14/598,157; 14/512,240; 14/512,249; 14/512,258; 14/512,263; 14/512,267; and 14/512,274, which are incorporated by reference for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.

The traditional way of designing a data warehouse is a waterfall approach to gather requirements, figure out relationships, pre-determine the data structure, scrub the data set, add a semantic layer to the data—and finally to ingest the data. Depending on the size and complexity of the dataset, the process can take many months to complete. Wave reverses this process. It treats data ingestion not as an exercise in “extract, transform, and load” (or ETL, the traditional way of ingesting data into a database), but as ELT—data is extracted, loaded, indexed, and made available immediately for analysis or additional transformations.

In Wave, an extraction engine extracts data from an online transaction processing (OLTP) transaction updatable system, which includes transaction commit, rollback, and field level security capabilities. The extracted data is loaded into in-memory columnar stores by a loading engine, with a dynamic, horizontally scalable non-relational key-value pair approach. Unlike traditional relational databases, key-value pairs only store non-empty data values, which, in the case of really sparse data, add to data storage efficiency and speed.

Then, a transformation engine applies small, inline transformations to the ingested data, including pruning, filtering, partitioning, and augmenting. The transformed data is stored in highly optimized online analytic processing (OLAP) analytic databases, which use techniques such as differential encoding, vector encoding, and incremental encoding to compress data. The heavy compression allows the OLAP analytic databases to have a significantly smaller size than the original source data in the OLTP transaction updatable system—at compression ratios that can exceed 90%.

Wave optimizes the query process by responding to queries from the in-memory columnar OLAP analytic databases, rather than from the rows and tables of the on-disk OLTP transaction updatable system. With relational databases, a query on a large dataset requires the analytics engine to process each value in each row of a very large set of data. By avoiding processing of rows of data and reading of columns not related to a query, Wave is able to execute sub-second and highly efficient queries on extremely large datasets.

In addition, Wave accesses the OLAP analytic databases using an inverted index, permitting variable numbers of dimensions and attributes for data and the accommodation of text strings and unstructured data, as well as datasets with variable levels of completeness or characterization. With the inverted index, Wave permits OLAP analytic databases equivalent to up to a billion rows in the OLTP transaction updatable system to be queried in seconds.

In sum, the benefit is that database administrators gain rapid access to OLAP analytic databases, and can immediately determine in what ways the data is relevant to their needs—without weeks or months of investment in “cleaning up” data before exploring it.

Wave also features a self-service portal with a build interface, which allows database administrators to provision their own datasets from the OLAP analytic databases and then to create analytic applications that use those datasets. A dataset contains a set of source data, stored in the OLAP analytic databases in a specially formatted, denormalized, highly compressed, and optimized manner for interactive exploration. Datasets are provisioned using OLAP dataflow build specifications, which are a set of instructions that specifies what data to extract from the OLTP transaction updatable system, how to load and transform the datasets, and which datasets to make available for querying. In implementations, an OLAP dataflow build specification is a JSON file that contains definitions that represent the OLAP dataflow logic. An OLAP dataflow job processes the logic in a given OLAP dataflow build specification to create a dataset from the OLAP analytic databases.

The technology disclosed in this application builds on Salesforce's Wave Analytics Platform™ by providing systems and methods that make is faster and efficient to bring data from the OLTP transaction updatable system to the OLAP analytic databases. For an organization, the technology disclosed decouples the extract of data from the OLTP transaction updatable system from the execution of the OLAP dataflow jobs configured by the organization for creation of datasets from the OLAP analytic databases.

The technology disclosed implements a global extraction process that extracts data from the OLTP transaction updatable system in advance and independent of the configured OLAP dataflow jobs, and makes the extracted data available for the execution of the dataflow jobs. With the extraction process scheduled ahead of time, the OLAP dataflow jobs have less to do and run faster.

Without the technology disclosed, Wave performs a separate extract for each configured OLAP dataflow job. With the technology disclosed, a global extraction occurs ahead of time and dataset provisioning from the OLAP analytic databases happens faster because it no longer includes extraction of data from the OLTP transaction updatable system—just loading and transformation.

To make the OLAP dataflow jobs even more efficient, the technology disclosed extracts data from the OLTP transaction updatable system incrementally, meaning that just the data which has changed since a prior extraction gets extracted. Records are inserted, updated, or deleted to match changes in the objects since the previous extraction run. This way, incremental extraction decreases the time required to extract the data from the OLTP transaction updatable system.

The technology disclosed uses the data extracted from the OLTP transaction updatable system in advance to build intermediate, locally cached datasets called bulk updatable-only builder-input-datasets (BUOBIDs). Once created, the BUOBIDs are responsive to the OLAP dataflow jobs in dependence upon loading and transformation instructions identified in respective OLAP dataflow build specifications. When the OLAP dataflow jobs are executed on the BUOBIDs, the OLAP analytic databases and comprising datasets are efficiently built from the locally cached BUOBIDs, without transmission of any data across the network from the OLTP transaction updatable system. In some implementations, to further improve efficiency, larger OLAP dataflow jobs are broken into smaller chunks that are executed on the BUOBIDs in parallel.

In one implementation, for an organization, the technology disclosed evaluates the OLAP dataflow build specifications of scheduled OLAP dataflow jobs to identify which objects and fields are required to satisfy the organization's extraction needs. Using this information, the technology disclosed automatically schedules independent extraction of the objects and fields using the global extraction job and provides them in advance as locally cached BUOBIDs. If the OLAP dataflow build specifications are later updated (e.g., objects and/or fields are deleted and/or added from the OLAP dataflow build specifications), or new OLAP dataflow build specifications are created, the technology disclosed automatically modifies the global extraction job with relevant changes and in tum updates the BUOBIDs.

Consider the example 400 shown in FIG. 4, where an organization has scheduled three OLAP dataflow jobs in Wave, namely “default dataflow, “sales wave app dataflow”, and “service wave app dataflow”. Each of the three dataflow jobs is configured to extract, from the OLTP transaction updatable system, a combination of some of the following objects: accounts, contacts, opportunities, campaigns, leads, cases, and users. Note that objects like accounts, contacts, opportunities, cases, and users are identified for extraction in at least two of the three dataflow jobs.

If these OLAP dataflow jobs were to run without the technology disclosed, they would individually extract their respective set of objects from the OLTP transaction updatable system. The more objects and fields there are, the longer the dataflow jobs take to run. Furthermore, as noted above, the dataflow jobs are duplicating efforts by performing separate extracts from the same object. For instance, accounts data is extracted by all three dataflow jobs. With the technology disclosed, as shown in FIG. 5, all of the extracts are performed automatically and incrementally as a separate and global extract process 500, which is scheduled to take place before the load and transform operations of the OLAP dataflow jobs are run. The extracted data is then made available to all the scheduled OLAP dataflow jobs, in the form of locally cached BUOBIDs, for different loading and transformation operations that build the OLAP analytic databases. Also, the overall efficiency is improved because the OLTP transaction updatable system is not redundantly accessed for the same object data.

In one implementation, an organization can manually schedule the global extraction job to complete before the OLAP dataflow jobs start to ensure that the BUOBIDs are available to the OLAP dataflow jobs. In one implementation, the organization can set them to run on the same hourly interval, but start at different times. For example, the organization can schedule them to run every six hours, but set the minute offset to 0 for the global extraction job and 55 for the OLAP dataflow jobs.

In some implementations, the objects and fields to be incrementally extracted in advance by the global extraction job are identified by a database administrator via a build interface. The objects and fields selected from the build interface are then incorporated in one or more OLAP dataflow build specifications. Once identified via the build interface, dependencies among the objects and fields are resolved and merged. After that, the global extraction job extracts the objects and fields from the OLTP transaction updatable system and makes them locally available ahead of time, in the form of BUOBIDs, for the loading and transformation operations of the scheduled OLAP dataflow jobs that create the OLAP analytic databases.

As used herein, the “identification” of an item of information does not necessarily require the direct specification of that item of information. Information can be “identified” in a field by simply referring to the actual information through one or more layers of indirection, or by identifying one or more items of different information which are together sufficient to determine the actual item of information. In addition, the term “specify” is used herein to mean the same as “identify”.

As used herein, a given signal, event or value is “in dependence upon” a predecessor signal, event or value of the predecessor signal, event or value influenced by the given signal,

event or value. Inhere is an intervening processing element, step or time period, the given signal, event or value can still be “in dependence upon” the predecessor signal, event or value. If the intervening processing element or step combines more than one signal, event or value, the signal output of the processing element or step is considered “in dependence upon” each of the signal, event or value inputs. If the given signal, event or value is the same as the predecessor signal, event or value, this is merely a degenerate case in which the given signal, event or value is still considered to be “in dependence upon” or “dependent on” or “based on” the predecessor signal, event or value. “Responsiveness” of a given signal, event or value upon another signal, event or value is defined similarly.

As used herein, “concurrently” or “in parallel” does not require exact simultaneity. It is sufficient if the execution of one of the OLAP dataflow jobs begins before the execution of another of the OLAP dataflow jobs completes.

With an introduction describing some of the implementations of the technology disclosed presented, the discussion now turns to a high-level overview of the system.

Decoupled-ELT System

FIG. 1 shows a high-level overview of a system 100 that implements a decoupled extract, load, and transform (ELT) process in accordance with one implementation of the technology disclosed. System 100 includes an online transaction processing (OLTP) transaction updatable system 105, which has transaction commit, rollback, and field level security capabilities. In one implementation, the OLTP transaction updatable system 105 is a multi-tenant database system in which various elements of hardware and software of the database system can be shared by one or more users. For example, a given application server can concurrently process requests for a great number of users, and a given database table can store rows for a potentially much greater number of users. In implementations, the OLTP transaction updatable system 105 can include any number of custom and/or standard objects and fields. As used herein, “custom” should be understood as meaning that a respective object or field is tenant-specific (e.g., only available to users associated with a particular tenant in the multi-tenant system) or user-specific (e.g., only available to a particular subset of users within the multi-tenant system), whereas “standard” or “universal” objects or fields are available across multiple tenants in the multi-tenant system.

In other implementations, the OLTP transaction updatable system 105 is a relational database implementation like an Oracle™ compatible database implementation, an IBM DB2 Enterprise Server™ compatible relational database implementation, a MySQL™ or PostgreSQL™ compatible relational database implementation or a Microsoft SQL Server™ compatible relational database implementation or a NoSQL™ non-relational database implementation such as a Vampire™ compatible non-relational database implementation, an Apache Cassandra™ compatible non-relational columnar key-value database implementation, a BigTable™ compatible non-relational database implementation, or an HBase™ or DynamoDB™ compatible non-relational database implementation. In addition, the OLTP transaction updatable system 105 can be implemented using different programming models like MapReduce™, bulk synchronous programming, MPI primitives, etc. or different scalable batch and stream management systems like Amazon Web Services (AWS)™, including Amazon Elasticsearch Service™ and Amazon Kinesis™, Apache Storm™, Apache Spark™, Apache Kafka™, Apache Flink™, Truviso™, IBM Info-Sphere™, Borealis™ and Yahoo! S4™. Other implementations of the technology disclosed include data sources (e.g., external systems) in addition to, instead of, or different from the OLTP transaction updatable system 105.

System 100 also includes a scheduler 102, an extractor 115, and a loader and transformer 135, which can be engines of varying types, including a workstation, server, computing cluster, blade server, server farm, or any other data processing system or computing device. The engines can be communicably coupled to the databases via different network connections. For example, the scheduler 102 can be coupled via the Internet, the extractor 115 can be coupled via a direct network link, and the loader and transformer 135 can be coupled by yet a different network connection. System 100 further includes multiple bulk updatable-only builder-input-datasets (BUOBIDs) 125, multiple online analytic processing (OLAP) analytic databases 145, and a build interface 155.

The interconnection of the elements of the system 100 is now described. A network couples the OLTP transaction updatable system 105, the scheduler 102, the extractor 115, the loader and transformer 135, the BUOBIDs 125, the OLAP analytic databases 145, and the build interface 155 in communication. The actual communication path can be point-to-point over public and/or private networks. All of the communications can occur over a variety of networks, e.g. private networks, VPN, MPLS circuit, or Internet, and can use appropriate APis and data interchange formats, e.g., REST, JSON, XML, SOAP and/or JMS. All of the communications can be encrypted. This communication is generally over a network such as the LAN (local area network), WAN (wide area network), telephone network (Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), wireless network, point-to-point network, star network, token ring network, hub network, Internet, inclusive of the mobile Internet, via protocols such as EDGE, 3G, 4G LTE, Wi-Fi, and WiMAX. Additionally, a variety of authorization and authentication techniques, such as username/password, OAuth, Kerberos, SecureID, digital certificates, and more, can be used to secure the communications.

During operation, the scheduler 102 implements an extraction schedule and a rebuild schedule that decouple the extractor 115 from the loader and transformer 135 such that the extractor 115 executes a global extraction process that extracts data from the OLTP transaction updatable system 105 in advance and independent of the loader and transformer 135 creating and updating the OLAP analytic databases 145. Following the extraction schedule, the extractor 115 incrementally replicates database objects and fields updated since a prior extraction, from the OLTP transaction updatable system 105, to the locally cached BUOBIDs 125.

Multiple OLAP analytic databases 145 are built from the locally cached BUOBIDs 125 that are made available to the loader and transformer 135. Following the rebuild schedule, the loader and transformer 135 periodically updates the OLAP analytic databases 145 from respective subset combinations of the BUOBIDs 125 using a separate load process. The separate load process is based on respective OLAP dataflow build specifications executed by OLAP dataflow jobs.

The build interface 155 is used to query the OLAP analytic databases 145 for datasets. It is also used to add new objects and/or fields and/or remove pre-existing objects and/or fields from the global extraction job implemented in advance by the extractor 115. It is also used to configure the extraction schedule and the rebuild schedule.

With the high-level overview of the system provided, the discussion now turns to some of the technical problems addressed by various implementations of the technology disclosed.

Proliferation of Coupled ELT Processes

FIG. 2 illustrates proliferation 200 of coupled ELT processes 202 a-n in Wave without the technology disclosed. Specifically, FIG. 2 shows multiple OLAP dataflow build specifications 208 a-n configured by an organization. Each of the OLAP dataflow build specifications 208 a-n identifies a set of objects that are to be extracted from the OLTP transaction updatable system 105. For instance, OLAP dataflow build specification 208 a identifies opportunity and lead objects, OLAP dataflow build specification 208 b identifies case and opportunity objects, OLAP dataflow build specification 208 c identifies case and user objects, and OLAP dataflow build specification 208 n identifies contact and lead objects. Note that certain objects (e.g., opportunity, lead, case) are redundantly identified in multiple OLAP dataflow build specifications for extraction.

Without the technology disclosed, the OLAP dataflow build specifications 208 a-n are separately processed by individual ELT processes 202 a-n. Since each extract process requires accessing the on-disk OLTP transaction updatable system 105, the proliferation 200 of dedicated extract processes for each OLAP dataflow build specifications introduces computational latency in OLAP dataflow jobs that process the OLAP dataflow build specifications. The problem is further exacerbated by duplicate extraction of objects redundantly identified in multiple OLAP dataflow build specifications. After the ELT processes 202 a-n are applied on the on-disk OLTP transaction updatable system 105, the resulting datasets are stored in the OLAP analytic databases 145.

With some of the technical problems addressed by various implementations understood, the discussion now turns to more detailed architectures for implementing the system, together with the methods.

Creating and Frequently Updating OLAP Analytic Databases

FIG. 3 depicts one implementation of creating and frequently updating 300 multiple OLAP analytic databases 145 from the OLTP transaction updatable system 105 that includes transaction commit, rollback, and field level security capabilities. In FIG. 3, an extract process constructor 302 evaluates the OLAP dataflow build specifications 208 a-n configured to be processed by an organization's existing scheduled OLAP dataflow jobs. Based on the evaluation, the constructor 302 identifies a set of objects and fields required to be extracted for the organization. Using the identified objects and fields, the constructor 302 generates a global dataflow build specification 306 that de-duplicates any redundant objects and includes just single instances of all the objects identified in the OLAP dataflow build specifications 208 a-n.

Consider, for example, that the OLAP dataflow build specifications 208 a-n identify the following object pairs respectively: opportunity, lead; case, opportunity; case, user; and contact, lead (as shown in FIG. 2). In one implementation, the global dataflow build specification 306 generated by the constructor 302 based on the OLAP dataflow build specifications 208 a-n includes just the following de-duplicated objects: opportunity, lead, case, user, and contact.

The constructor 302 automatically detects any changes to existing OLAP dataflow build specifications 208 a-n, addition of new OLAP dataflow build specifications, and/or removal of existing OLAP dataflow build specifications. In response, it automatically and periodically TO modifies the global dataflow build specification 306 so that the global dataflow build specification 306 accurately and comprehensively represents an organization's current OLAP dataflow build specifications without any redundancies.

The scheduler 102 ensures that the extractor 115 uses the global dataflow build specification 306 to implement a global extraction job 308 prior to the scheduled OLAP dataflow jobs requiring the objects and fields identified in their respective OLAP dataflow build specifications 208 a-n. In one implementation, the global extraction job 308 uses a single extraction to incrementally extract or replicate data for all the objects and fields identified in the global dataflow build specification 306 (e.g., opportunity, lead, case, user, and contact). In some implementations, the incremental replication just includes objects and fields that have been updated since a prior global extraction job. Thus, in some implementations, a first, earliest, or reset global extraction job includes full extraction of all the objects and fields identified in the global dataflow build specification 306.

Accordingly, in response to changes with respect to the OLAP dataflow build specifications and/or in response to changes with respect to the objects and fields in the OLTP transaction updatable system 105, the global extraction job 308 is automatically, periodically, and incrementally performed in parallel over multiple objects of the OLTP transaction updatable system 105.

The globally extracted data is then replicated to the BUOBIDs 125, which serve as locally caches in some implementations. In one implementation, the BUOBIDs 125 are stored in an in-memory columnar store. The scheduler 102 then causes the loader and transformer 135 to use the BUOBIDs 125 for executing the scheduled OLAP dataflow jobs in dependence upon their respective OLAP dataflow build specifications 208 a-n. Note that even though the BUOBIDs 125 include data extracted in advance for multiple OLAP dataflow build specifications 208 a-n, the loader and transformer 135 performs separate load and transform operations 325 customized for each individual OLAP dataflow build specification.

Continuing the example of the OLAP dataflow build specifications 208 a-n, even though the BUOBIDs 125 include data extracted for opportunity, lead, case, user, and contact objects, the loader and transformer 135 evaluates each of the OLAP dataflow build specifications 208 a-n individually and builds and rebuilds the multiple analytic databases 145 by periodically processing subset combinations of objects in the BUOBIDs 125 over separate load and transform operations 325.

Accordingly, the computational latency caused by the coupled ELT processes 202 a-n is eliminated because multiple OLAP dataflow jobs are processed by a decoupled global extraction job that makes proactively and locally available, the data and data incrementals, required to periodically build and rebuild the multiple analytic databases 145.

The discussion now turns to the build interface implementation of the technology disclosed.

Build Interface

In some implementations of the technology disclosed, the OLAP dataflow build specifications 208 a-n and 812 a-n and/or the global OLAP dataflow build specifications 306 and 815, or equivalent thereof, are created via a build interface that accepts selection of visual elements representing the objects and fields in the OLTP transaction updatable system 105 for incremental replication of the represented objects and fields by a global extraction job.

FIG. 6 is one implementation of a build interface 600 used to identify objects to be extracted in advance by a global extraction job. In the example shown in FIG. 6, a database administrator selects visual elements of the build interface 600 that represent database objects (e.g., opportunity, user) of the OLTP transaction updatable system 105. In one implementation, the database objects selected by the database administrator have not been yet extracted from the OLTP transaction updatable system 105 and/or yet identified in an existing OLAP dataflow build specification. In another implementation, the database objects selected by the database administrator have been extracted from the OLTP transaction updatable system 105 and/or identified in an existing OLAP dataflow build specification, but they have not been yet updated by a global extraction job to reflect their most recent values.

In one implementation, based on the selection of the visual elements representing database objects of the OLTP transaction updatable system 105, corresponding programmable code is generated (e.g., a JSON definition file). In some implementations, the programmable code serves as an OLAP dataflow build specification that is eventually used to implement a global extraction job. In another implementation, manipulation of the object-visual elements causes modifications to the corresponding programmable code, and in turn changes to the ultimate global extraction job and the data incrementally replicated to the BUOBIDs 125.

FIG. 7 depicts one implementation of a build interface 700 used to identify fields of an object to be extracted in advance by a global extraction job. In the example shown in FIG. 7, a database administrator selects visual elements of the build interface 700 that represent database fields (e.g., accountID, amount, close date, fiscal year) of an object (e.g., opportunity) of the OLTP transaction updatable system 105. In one implementation, the database fields selected by the database administrator have not been yet extracted from the OLTP transaction updatable system 105 and/or yet identified in an existing OLAP dataflow build specification. In another implementation, the database fields selected by the database administrator have been extracted from the OLTP transaction updatable system 105 and/or identified in an existing OLAP dataflow build specification, but they have not been yet updated by a global extraction job to reflect their most recent values.

In one implementation, based on the selection of the visual elements representing database fields of the OLTP transaction updatable system 105, corresponding programmable code is generated (e.g., a JSON definition file). In some implementations, the programmable code serves as an OLAP dataflow build specification that is eventually used to implement a global extraction job. In another implementation, manipulation of the field-visual elements causes modifications to the corresponding programmable code, and in turn changes to the ultimate global extraction job and the data incrementally replicated to the BUOBIDs 125.

The discussion now turns to the transparent decoupling implementation of the technology disclosed.

Transparent Decoupling

FIG. 8 illustrates one implementation of transparently decoupling 800 extraction from rebuilding of frequently updated multiple OLAP analytic databases 145 from the OLTP transaction updatable system 105 that includes transaction commit, rollback, and field level security capabilities. In FIG. 8, a database administrator accesses the build interface 155 to identify database objects and fields in the OLTP transaction updatable system 105 for building the OLAP analytic databases 145. In one implementation, the objects and fields selected via the build interface 155 can be defined as and/or included in one or more OLAP dataflow build specifications 812 a-n.

In another implementation, an extract process constructor 822 uses a resolver 832 to resolve the dependencies among the selected objects and fields included in the OLAP dataflow build specifications 812 a-n. In yet another implementation, the constructor 822 uses a merger 842 to merge the resolved objects and fields into a global OLAP dataflow build specification 815.

Once the global OLAP dataflow build specification 815 is created, the process continues similar to the process illustrated in FIG. 3, such that the scheduler 102 decouples a global extraction job 818 implemented by the extractor 115 from loading and transformation operations 828 of schedule OLAP dataflow jobs. This includes making the data, incrementally extracted from the OLTP transaction updatable system 105, proactively and locally available to the loader and transformer 135 in the form of BUOBIDs 125. The OLAP analytic databases 145 are then efficiently built from the BUOBIDs 125, rather than from the on-disk OLTP transaction updatable system 105.

Some Particular Implementations

In one implementation, described is a method of creating and frequently updating multiple online analytic processing (OLAP) analytic databases from an online transaction processing (OLTP) transaction updatable system that includes transaction commit, rollback, and field level security capabilities. The method includes periodically and in parallel over multiple object sets of an OLTP transaction updatable system, using an extract process to incrementally replicate database objects and fields updated since a prior extraction, from the OLTP transaction updatable system, to multiple bulk updatable-only builder-input-datasets for respective object sets, from which multiple OLAP analytic databases are built and periodically updating the multiple OLAP analytic databases from respective subset combinations of the builder-input-datasets using a separate load process, following instructions in respective OLAP dataflow build specifications and a rebuild schedule.

The method described in this section and other sections of the technology disclosed can include one or more of the following features and/or features described in connection with additional methods disclosed. In the interest of conciseness, the combinations of features disclosed in this application are not individually enumerated and are not repeated with each base set of features. The reader will understand how features identified in this method can readily be combined with sets of base features identified as implementations such as introduction, decoupled-ELT system, proliferation of coupled ELT processes, etc.

In one implementation, the OLAP dataflow build specifications identify different subsets of fields.

In one implementation, the rebuild schedule for the load process that builds the multiple OLAP analytic databases is decoupled from schedule for the extract process, thereby allowing the load process to independently update the multiple OLAP analytic databases from the subset combinations of the builder-input-datasets.

In one implementation, the method further includes identifying objects and fields required in the OLAP dataflow build specifications, calculating a union of the required objects and fields, and automatically modifying the extract process to incrementally replicate the required objects and fields.

In some implementations, the method also includes automatically integrating the extract process and OLAP dataflow jobs by responsive to creation of a new and/or modified OLAP dataflow build specification that requires extraction of a new field by the extract process, automatically modifying the extract process to include the new field, running an initial extract process to populate objects in the builder-input-datasets that include the new field, and after the initial extract, including the new field in incremental extraction.

In one implementation, the method further includes creating an additional bulk updatable-only builder-input-dataset from an external system, other than the OLTP transaction updatable system. In such an implementation, during the periodic updating, the additional builder-input-dataset is merged into the builder-input-datasets using a separate load process; following instructions in respective OLAP dataflow build specifications.

Other implementations of the method described in this section can include a computer readable storage medium storing instructions in a non-transitory manner, which are executable by a processor to perform any of the methods described above. Yet another implementation of the method described in this section can include a system including memory and one or more processors operable to execute instructions, stored in the memory, to perform any of the methods described above.

In another implementation, described is a method of transparently decoupling extraction from rebuilding of frequently updated multiple online analytic processing (OLAP) analytic databases from an online transaction processing (OLTP) transaction updatable system that includes transaction commit, rollback, and field level security capabilities. The method includes accessing OLAP dataflow build specifications that identify database objects and fields in the OLTP transaction updatable system for building the OLAP analytic databases, resolving and merging dependencies implied by the OLAP dataflow build specifications, and constructing an extract process that covers the dependencies on the database objects and fields in the OLTP transaction updatable system, and periodically and in parallel over multiple object sets of the OLTP transaction updatable system, using the constructed extract process to incrementally replicate the database objects and fields updated since a prior extraction, from the OLTP transaction updatable system, to multiple bulk updatable-only builder-input-datasets for respective object sets, from which multiple OLAP analytic databases are built.

The method described in this section and other sections of the technology disclosed can include one or more of the following features and/or features described in connection with additional methods disclosed. In the interest of conciseness, the combinations of features disclosed in this application are not individually enumerated and are not repeated with each base set of features.

In one implementation, the OLAP dataflow build specifications are defined using a graphical user interface. In such an implementation, the method includes receiving selection of visual elements of the graphical user interface representing the database objects and fields for the constructed extract process to incrementally replicate the database objects and fields to the builder-input-datasets.

In another implementation, the method includes generating programmable code representing the defined OLAP dataflow build specifications and updating the OLAP dataflow build specifications and a corresponding extract process constructed based on the updated OLAP dataflow build specifications in dependence upon modifications to the programmable code.

Other implementations of the method described in this section can include a computer readable storage medium storing instructions in a non-transitory manner, which are executable by a processor to perform any of the methods described above. Yet another implementation of the method described in this section can include a system including memory and one or more processors operable to execute instructions, stored in the memory, to perform any of the methods described above.

The foregoing description is merely illustrative in nature and is not intended to limit the implementations of the subject matter or the application and uses of such implementations. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any expressed or implied theory presented in the technical field, background, or the detailed description. As used herein, the word “exemplary” means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any implementation described herein as exemplary is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations, and the exemplary implementations described herein are not intended to limit the scope or applicability of the subject matter in any way.

For the sake of brevity, conventional techniques related to databases, user interfaces, and other functional aspects of the systems (and the individual operating components of the systems) may not be described in detail herein. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that implementations may be practiced in conjunction with any number of system and/or network architectures, data transmission protocols, and device configurations, and that the system described herein is merely one suitable example. Furthermore, certain terminology may be used herein for the purpose of reference only, and thus is not intended to be limiting. For example, the terms “first”, “second” and other such numerical terms do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context.

Implementations of the subject matter may be described herein in terms of functional and/or logical block components, and with reference to symbolic representations of operations, processing tasks, and functions that may be performed by various computing components or devices. Such operations, tasks, and functions are sometimes referred to as being computer-executed, computerized, software-implemented, or computer-implemented. In practice, one or more processing systems or devices can carry out the described operations, tasks, and functions by manipulating electrical signals representing data bits at accessible memory locations, as well as other processing of signals. The memory locations where data bits are maintained are physical locations that have particular electrical, magnetic, optical, or organic properties corresponding to the data bits. It should be appreciated that the various block components shown in the figures may be realized by any number of hardware, software, and/or firmware components configured to perform the specified functions. For example, an implementation of a system or a component may employ various integrated circuit components, e.g., memory elements, digital signal processing elements, logic elements, look-up tables, or the like, which may carry out a variety of functions under the control of one or more microprocessors or other control devices. When implemented in software or firmware, various elements of the systems described herein are essentially the code segments or instructions that perform the various tasks. The program or code segments can be stored in a processor-readable medium or transmitted by a computer data signal embodied in a carrier wave over a transmission medium or communication path. The “processor-readable medium” or “machine-readable medium” may include any non-transitory medium that can store or transfer information. Examples of the processor-readable medium include an electronic circuit, a semiconductor memory device, a ROM, a flash memory, an erasable ROM (EROM), a floppy diskette, a CD-ROM, an optical disk, a hard disk, a fiber optic medium, a radio frequency (RF) link, or the like. The computer data signal may include any signal that can propagate over a transmission medium such as electronic network channels, optical fibers, air, electromagnetic paths, or RF links. The code segments may be downloaded via computer networks such as the Internet, an intranet, a LAN, or the like. In this regard, the subject matter described herein can be implemented in the context of any computer-implemented system and/or in connection with two or more separate and distinct computer-implemented systems that cooperate and communicate with one another. In one or more exemplary implementations, the subject matter described herein is implemented in conjunction with a virtual user relationship management (CRM) application in a multi-tenant environment. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method including: locally caching, at a server, a plurality of datasets comprising a plurality of database objects and fields from an online transaction processing (OLTP) transaction updatable system, the local caching based at least in part on a global dataflow build specification, wherein the OLTP transaction updatable system is configured to store the plurality of datasets on-disk; extracting at least one database object and field from the OLTP transaction updatable system, wherein the at least one database object and field is updated in the OLTP transaction updatable system after locally caching the plurality of datasets at the server; automatically updating, at the server, the locally cached plurality of datasets with the at least one database object and field based at least in part on the extracting; building a plurality of online analytic processing (OLAP) databases based at least in part on automatically updating the locally cached plurality of datasets, wherein the plurality of OLAP databases is configured for executing analytical queries; and executing an analytical query on one or more of the plurality of OLAP databases based at least in part on the building.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: processing one or more subset combinations of the locally cached plurality of datasets; and periodically updating the plurality of OLAP databases using the one or more subset combinations of the locally cached plurality of datasets, wherein periodically updating the plurality of OLAP databases is based at least in part on a second dataflow build specification executed by a dataflow job.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: evaluating a plurality of dataflow build specifications to identify the plurality of database objects and fields; resolving dependencies between the identified plurality of database objects and fields; and merging the identified plurality of database objects and fields into the global dataflow build specification based at least in part on the resolved dependencies.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: extracting the plurality of database objects and fields from the OLTP transaction updatable system based at least in part on the global dataflow build specification; and replicating the extracted plurality of database objects and fields to the plurality of datasets, wherein locally caching the plurality of datasets is based at least in part on the replicating.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein extracting the plurality of database objects and fields is performed separately from extracting the at least one database object and field from the OLTP transaction updatable system.
 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: identifying a first dataflow build specification and a second dataflow build specification; determining a first set of database objects and fields associated with the first dataflow build specification and a second set of database objects and fields associated with the second dataflow build specification; and generating the global dataflow build specification by de-duplicating common database objects and fields from the first set of database objects and fields and the second set of database objects and fields.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein extracting the at least one database object and field further comprises: extracting the at least one database object and field from the OLTP transaction updatable system based at least in part on the global dataflow build specification.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein extracting the at least one database object and field further comprises: extracting the at least one database object and field from the OLTP transaction updatable system based at least in part on an update to the global dataflow build specification.
 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: identifying at least one new field included in the plurality of database objects and fields; and updating the global dataflow build specification to include the identified at least one new field.
 10. The method of claim 8, further comprising: determining a modification to the at least one database object and field included in the OLTP transaction updatable system, wherein the modification to the at least one database object and field comprises a modified field value, a new field value for an object, a new object, or a combination thereof; and updating the global dataflow build specification based at least in part on the modification to the at least one database object and field.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the OLTP transaction updatable system includes transaction commit, rollback, and field level security capabilities.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the locally cached plurality of datasets are bulk updatable-only builder-input-datasets.
 13. An apparatus comprising: a processor; memory in electronic communication with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: locally cache, at a server, a plurality of datasets comprising a plurality of database objects and fields from an online transaction processing (OLTP) transaction updatable system, the local caching based at least in part on a global dataflow build specification, wherein the OLTP transaction updatable system is configured to store the plurality of datasets on-disk; extract at least one database object and field from the OLTP transaction updatable system based at least in part on an update to the at least one database object and field in the OLTP transaction updatable system after locally caching the plurality of datasets at the server; automatically update, at the server, the locally cached plurality of datasets with the at least one database object and field based at least in part on the extracting; build a plurality of online analytic processing (OLAP) databases based at least in part on automatically updating the locally cached plurality of datasets, wherein the plurality of OLAP databases is configured for executing analytical queries; and execute an analytical query on one or more of the plurality of OLAP databases based at least in part on the building.
 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: process one or more subset combinations of the locally cached plurality of datasets; and periodically update the plurality of OLAP databases using the one or more subset combinations of the locally cached plurality of datasets, wherein periodically updating the plurality of OLAP databases is based at least in part on a second dataflow build specification executed by a dataflow job.
 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: evaluate a plurality of dataflow build specifications to identify the plurality of database objects and fields; resolve dependencies between the identified plurality of database objects and fields; and merge the identified plurality of database objects and fields into the global dataflow build specification based at least in part on the resolved dependencies.
 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: extract the plurality of database objects and fields from the OLTP transaction updatable system based at least in part on the global dataflow build specification; and replicate the extracted plurality of database objects and fields to the plurality of datasets, wherein locally caching the plurality of datasets is based at least in part on the replicating.
 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the instructions executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to extract the plurality of database objects and fields are executable to cause the apparatus to perform extracting the plurality of database objects and fields separately from extracting the at least one database object and field from the OLTP transaction updatable system.
 18. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to: locally cache, at a server, a plurality of datasets comprising a plurality of database objects and fields from an online transaction processing (OLTP) transaction updatable system, the local caching based at least in part on a global dataflow build specification, wherein the OLTP transaction updatable system is configured to store the plurality of datasets on-disk; extract at least one database object and field from the OLTP transaction updatable system based at least in part on an update to the at least one database object and field in the OLTP transaction updatable system after locally caching the plurality of datasets at the server; automatically update, at the server, the locally cached plurality of datasets with the at least one database object and field based at least in part on the extracting; build a plurality of online analytic processing (OLAP) databases based at least in part on automatically updating the locally cached plurality of datasets, wherein the plurality of OLAP databases is configured for executing analytical queries; and execute an analytical query on one or more of the plurality of OLAP databases based at least in part on the building.
 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions are further executable to: process one or more subset combinations of the locally cached plurality of datasets; and periodically update the plurality of OLAP databases using the one or more subset combinations of the locally cached plurality of datasets, wherein periodically updating the plurality of OLAP databases is based at least in part on a second dataflow build specification executed by a dataflow job.
 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the instructions are further executable to: evaluate a plurality of dataflow build specifications to identify the plurality of database objects and fields; resolve dependencies between the identified plurality of database objects and fields; and merge the identified plurality of database objects and fields into the global dataflow build specification based at least in part on the resolved dependencies. 